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Amazon AWS Certified Data Engineer - Associate (DEA-C01) Sample Questions (Q69-Q74):

NEW QUESTION # 69
An airline company is collecting metrics about flight activities for analytics. The company is conducting a proof of concept (POC) test to show how analytics can provide insights that the company can use to increase on-time departures.
The POC test uses objects in Amazon S3 that contain the metrics in .csv format. The POC test uses Amazon Athena to query the data. The data is partitioned in the S3 bucket by date.
As the amount of data increases, the company wants to optimize the storage solution to improve query performance.
Which combination of solutions will meet these requirements? (Choose two.)

A. Use an S3 bucket that is in the same AWS Region where the company runs Athena queries.
B. Preprocess the .csv data to Apache Parquet format by fetching only the data blocks that are needed for predicates.
C. Add a randomized string to the beginning of the keys in Amazon S3 to get more throughput across partitions.
D. Preprocess the .csv data to JSON format by fetching only the document keys that the query requires.
E. Use an S3 bucket that is in the same account that uses Athena to query the data.

Answer: A,B

Explanation:
Using an S3 bucket that is in the same AWS Region where the company runs Athena queries can improve query performance by reducing data transfer latency and costs. Preprocessing the .csv data to Apache Parquet format can also improve query performance by enabling columnar storage, compression, and partitioning, which can reduce the amount of data scanned and fetched by the query. These solutions can optimize the storage solution for the POC test without requiring much effort or changes to the existing data pipeline. The other solutions are not optimal or relevant for this requirement. Adding a randomized string to the beginning of the keys in Amazon S3 can improve the throughput across partitions, but it can also make the data harder to query and manage. Using an S3 bucket that is in the same account that uses Athena to query the data does not have any significant impact on query performance, as long as the proper permissions are granted.
Preprocessing the .csv data to JSON format does not offer any benefits over the .csv format, as both are row- based and verbose formats that require more data scanning and fetching than columnar formats like Parquet.
References:
* Best Practices When Using Athena with AWS Glue
* Optimizing Amazon S3 Performance
* AWS Certified Data Engineer - Associate DEA-C01 Complete Study Guide

NEW QUESTION # 70
A data engineer must orchestrate a data pipeline that consists of one AWS Lambda function and one AWS Glue job. The solution must integrate with AWS services.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST management overhead?

A. Use an Apache Airflow workflow that is deployed on Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS). Define a directed acyclic graph (DAG) in which the first task is to call the Lambda function and the second task is to call the AWS Glue job.
B. Use an Apache Airflow workflow that is deployed on an Amazon EC2 instance. Define a directed acyclic graph (DAG) in which the first task is to call the Lambda function and the second task is to call the AWS Glue job.
C. Use an AWS Step Functions workflow that includes a state machine. Configure the state machine to run the Lambda function and then the AWS Glue job.
D. Use an AWS Glue workflow to run the Lambda function and then the AWS Glue job.

Answer: C

Explanation:
AWS Step Functions is a service that allows you to coordinate multiple AWS services into serverless workflows. You can use Step Functions to create state machines that define the sequence and logic of the tasks in your workflow. Step Functions supports various types of tasks, such as Lambda functions, AWS Glue jobs, Amazon EMR clusters, Amazon ECS tasks, etc. You can use Step Functions to monitor and troubleshoot your workflows, as well as to handle errors and retries.
Using an AWS Step Functions workflow that includes a state machine to run the Lambda function and then the AWS Glue job will meet the requirements with the least management overhead, as it leverages the serverless and managed capabilities of Step Functions. You do not need to write any code to orchestrate the tasks in your workflow, as you can use the Step Functions console or the AWS Serverless Application Model (AWS SAM) to define and deploy your state machine. You also do not need to provision or manage any servers or clusters, as Step Functions scales automatically based on the demand.
The other options are not as efficient as using an AWS Step Functions workflow. Using an Apache Airflow workflow that is deployed on an Amazon EC2 instance or on Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS) will require more management overhead, as you will need to provision, configure, and maintain the EC2 instance or the EKS cluster, as well as the Airflow components. You will also need to write and maintain the Airflow DAGs to orchestrate the tasks in your workflow. Using an AWS Glue workflow to run the Lambda function and then the AWS Glue job will not work, as AWS Glue workflows only support AWS Glue jobs and crawlers as tasks, not Lambda functions. References:
AWS Step Functions
AWS Glue
AWS Certified Data Engineer - Associate DEA-C01 Complete Study Guide, Chapter 6: Data Integration and Transformation, Section 6.3: AWS Step Functions

NEW QUESTION # 71
A company uses Amazon RDS for MySQL as the database for a critical application. The database workload is mostly writes, with a small number of reads.
A data engineer notices that the CPU utilization of the DB instance is very high. The high CPU utilization is slowing down the application. The data engineer must reduce the CPU utilization of the DB Instance.
Which actions should the data engineer take to meet this requirement? (Choose two.)

A. Use the Performance Insights feature of Amazon RDS to identify queries that have high CPU utilization.
Optimize the problematic queries.
B. Reboot the RDS DB instance once each week.
C. Modify the database schema to include additional tables and indexes.
D. Upgrade to a larger instance size.
E. Implement caching to reduce the database query load.

Answer: A,E

Explanation:
Amazon RDS is a fully managed service that provides relational databases in the cloud. Amazon RDS for MySQL is one of the supported database engines that you can use to run your applications. Amazon RDS provides various features and tools to monitor and optimize the performance of your DB instances, such as Performance Insights, Enhanced Monitoring, CloudWatch metrics and alarms, etc.
Using the Performance Insights feature of Amazon RDS to identify queries that have high CPU utilization and optimizing the problematic queries will help reduce the CPU utilization of the DB instance. Performance Insights is a feature that allows you to analyze the load on your DB instance and determine what is causing performance issues. Performance Insights collects, analyzes, and displays database performance data using an interactive dashboard. You can use Performance Insights to identify the top SQL statements, hosts, users, or processes that are consuming the most CPU resources. You can also drill down into the details of each query and see the execution plan, wait events, locks, etc. By using Performance Insights, you can pinpoint the root cause of the high CPU utilization and optimize the queries accordingly. For example, you can rewrite the queries to make them more efficient, add or remove indexes, use prepared statements, etc.
Implementing caching to reduce the database query load will also help reduce the CPU utilization of the DB instance. Caching is a technique that allows you to store frequently accessed data in a fast and scalable storage layer, such as Amazon ElastiCache. By using caching, you can reduce the number of requests that hit your database, which in turn reduces the CPU load on your DB instance. Caching also improves the performance and availability of your application, as it reduces the latency and increases the throughput of your data access.
You can use caching for various scenarios, such as storing session data, user preferences, application configuration, etc. You can also use caching for read-heavy workloads, such as displaying product details, recommendations, reviews, etc.
The other options are not as effective as using Performance Insights and caching. Modifying the database schema to include additional tables and indexes may or may not improve the CPU utilization, depending on the nature of the workload and the queries. Adding more tables and indexes may increase the complexity and overhead of the database, which may negatively affect the performance. Rebooting the RDS DB instance once each week will not reduce the CPU utilization, as it will not address the underlying cause of the high CPU load. Rebooting may also cause downtime and disruption to your application. Upgrading to a larger instance size may reduce the CPUutilization, but it will also increase the cost and complexity of your solution.
Upgrading may also not be necessary if you can optimize the queries and reduce the database load by using caching. References:
Amazon RDS
Performance Insights
Amazon ElastiCache
[AWS Certified Data Engineer - Associate DEA-C01 Complete Study Guide], Chapter 3: Data Storage and Management, Section 3.1: Amazon RDS

NEW QUESTION # 72
Two developers are working on separate application releases. The developers have created feature branches named Branch A and Branch B by using a GitHub repository's master branch as the source.
The developer for Branch A deployed code to the production system. The code for Branch B will merge into a master branch in the following week's scheduled application release.
Which command should the developer for Branch B run before the developer raises a pull request to the master branch?

A. git diff branchB master
git commit -m <message>
B. git pull master
C. git rebase master
D. git fetch -b master

Answer: C

Explanation:
To ensure that Branch B is up to date with the latest changes in the master branch before submitting a pull request, the correct approach is to perform a git rebase. This command rewrites the commit history so that Branch B will be based on the latest changes in the master branch.
git rebase master:
This command moves the commits of Branch B to be based on top of the latest state of the master branch. It allows the developer to resolve any conflicts and create a clean history.
Reference:
Alternatives Considered:
A (git diff): This will only show differences between Branch B and master but won't resolve conflicts or bring Branch B up to date.
B (git pull master): Pulling the master branch directly does not offer the same clean history management as rebase.
D (git fetch -b): This is an incorrect command.
Git Rebase Best Practices

NEW QUESTION # 73
A company's data engineer needs to optimize the performance of table SQL queries. The company stores data in an Amazon Redshift cluster. The data engineer cannot increase the size of the cluster because of budget constraints.
The company stores the data in multiple tables and loads the data by using the EVEN distribution style. Some tables are hundreds of gigabytes in size. Other tables are less than 10 MB in size.
Which solution will meet these requirements?

A. Keep using the EVEN distribution style for all tables. Specify primary and foreign keys for all tables.
B. Use the ALL distribution style for large tables. Specify primary and foreign keys for all tables.
C. Use the ALL distribution style for rarely updated small tables. Specify primary and foreign keys for all tables.
D. Specify a combination of distribution, sort, and partition keys for all tables.

Answer: C

Explanation:
This solution meets the requirements of optimizing the performance of table SQL queries without increasing the size of the cluster. By using the ALL distribution style for rarely updated small tables, you can ensure that the entire table is copied to every node in the cluster, which eliminates the need for data redistribution during joins. This can improve query performance significantly, especially for frequently joined dimension tables.
However, using the ALL distribution style also increases the storage space and the load time, so it is only suitable for small tables that are not updated frequently orextensively. By specifying primary and foreign keys for all tables, you can help the query optimizer to generate better query plans and avoid unnecessary scans or joins. You can also use the AUTO distribution style to let Amazon Redshift choose the optimal distribution style based on the table size and the query patterns. References:
Choose the best distribution style
Distribution styles
Working with data distribution styles

NEW QUESTION # 74
......

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Amazon Data-Engineer-Associate Guide, Practice Data-Engineer-Associate Tests

Practice Data-Engineer-Associate Tests, Data-Engineer-Associate Valid Test Guide

Amazon AWS Certified Data Engineer - Associate (DEA-C01) Sample Questions (Q69-Q74):

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